The Hidden Danger: Exposures to Chemical Munitions During Commercial Fishing in NJ

Understanding the Risks of Chemical Munitions in Commercial Fishing

In recent years, commercial fishing in New Jersey has faced an alarming danger: exposure to chemical warfare munitions (CWMs) accidentally dredged up from the ocean floor. This unsettling trend has emerged despite a long history of chemical weapons being disposed of at sea after World War II. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), incidents involving CWMs have occurred repeatedly, creating significant hazards for fishermen and the broader food supply chain.

Recent Incidents: A Closer Look

Three documented incidents of recovered CWMs off the New Jersey coast in 2016, 2017, and 2023 illustrate the seriousness of this issue. In these cases, fishermen inadvertently pulled up munitions containing sulfur mustard, leading to severe injuries among crew members and significant food product destruction. During one incident in 2016, a clammer suffered second-degree burns after handling a ruptured munition that caused immediate medical attention and a recall of contaminated clams.

Historical Context and Ongoing Risks

Since the late 1940s, an estimated 17,000 tons of unexploded CWMs were dumped off the U.S. Atlantic coast, including mustard gas. Even decades later, remnants of these weapons remain submerged and can pose health risks when disturbed by fishing operations. Historical negligence concerning munitions storage and disposal has left behind a troubling legacy; for instance, experts believe that more than 6,000 pounds of nerve gas and 8,000 pounds of mustard gas still lurk off the New Jersey coastline.

The Hazards of Mustard Gas Exposure

Mustard gas, a potent blistering agent, not only causes painful burns but also long-term health effects. It can damage skin, mucous membranes, and respiratory systems. The symptoms often manifest hours after exposure, complicating immediate medical responses. Dr. Edward Boyer, treating victims of such incidents, highlights the chemical's persistent threat even after decades of disposal, emphasizing that anyone around must remain vigilant.

Coastal Fishing and Food Safety

Fishermen must navigate extensive safety protocols to prevent exposure to CWMs. The CDC has outlined training programs emphasizing the need for crew members aboard fishing vessels to recognize and appropriately handle munitions. Challenges exist with the camaraderie of fishing crews and sporadic site contamination. Food safety is another crucial concern, as contaminated seafood poses risks to consumers. Several recalls of contaminated products underscore the need for vigilant responses to ensure public health.

Recommendations for Mitigating Risks

To protect both fishermen and consumers, the implementation of engineering and administrative controls is paramount. The CDC recommends prioritizing avoidance of known disposal sites, enhancing interagency coordination, providing comprehensive training, and ensuring proper use of personal protective equipment. Adequately addressing these recommendations can reduce the likelihood of future injuries and food contamination, safeguarding both the environment and public health.

Call to Action: Stay Informed and Safe

Fishermen, seafood consumers, and local communities need to remain aware of the risks associated with CWMs in coastal waters. Understanding historical disposal practices and ongoing safety protocols can empower individuals to make informed decisions, protect themselves, and advocate for better marine safety regulations. By staying informed, we can all contribute to a safer and healthier future for our communities.